Volume 16, Issue 4 (12-2025)
Res Anim Prod 2025, 16(4): 122-133 |
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Hosseini S A, Alizadeh-Ghamsari A H, Jamshidi L. (2025). The Effect of Using Nanoparticles of Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Manganese Minerals on Production Traits, Carcass Characteristics, and some Blood Parameters in Arian Broiler Chickens. Res Anim Prod. 16(4), 122-133. doi:10.61882/rap.2025.1842
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1482-en.html
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1482-en.html
1- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Abstract: (1100 Views)
Extended Abstract
Background: The digestion of minerals is affected by several factors in the gastrointestinal tract. These factors include temperature, pH, varying concentration salts, and enzymes, which can separately affect the solubility of substances and their interactions with biological molecules. Minerals are also inhibited in the gastrointestinal tract through factors such as phosphates, phytates, dietary fiber, lignin’s, polyphenols, tannins, etc. These inhibitors often bind to ions of minerals and from complexes and make these ions unavailable. When minerals are used in inorganic form in the diet, these substances tend to separate in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and the low pH of the environment. Thus, the separated minerals bind to other nutrients in the digesta, which makes them unavailable for absorption in the intestine. As a result of non-absorption and an increase of unusable minerals, their secretion into wastes is increased and can lead to environmental concerns. Nanotechnology is one of the most creative technologies to produce different materials and elements with changes in the structure, texture, and high quality at the molecular level. Therefore, to prevent the excessive use of minerals in the diet, new nutritional strategies must be implemented without endangering the health and performance of animals. One of these new strategies that can be effective in improving the bioavailability of low-consumption mineral elements is to use the nano form of minerals in the diet. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effects of using the nano form of four minerals (copper, iron, zinc, and manganese) in two common and reduced levels on production traits, carcass characteristics, and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.
Methods: For this purpose, an experiment was performed with 360 one-day-old Arian broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with three treatments, four replications, and 30 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments included 1) a diet containing common mineral supplements (control), 2) a diet containing mineral supplement Nano 100 (with 100% of the recommended amounts of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in the nano form), and 3) a diet containing mineral supplement Nano 50 (with 50% of the recommended amounts of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in the nano form). The chickens of each replication were weighed as a group at the end of each week and 3 hours after feed restriction. Losses were collected, weighed, and counted daily and were used to obtain the percentages of losses and survival. At the age of 42 days, two pieces of birds were selected from each replication, which were close to the average of the group in terms of weight. They were killed after weighing, and the carcass components, including breast, thigh, neck, back, wings, abdominal fat percentage, and the whole carcass without intestines and viscera, along with some organs, such as heart and spleen, were weighed afterward. Their weights were calculated relative to live weight. At the age of 42 days, four birds were selected from each replication, and blood (3 ml) was taken from the underwing vein with a sterile syringe after separating the serum to measure the concentrations of total protein, globulin, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Globulin was obtained by subtracting albumin from total protein.
Results: In the first week, the feed intake was higher in the chickens receiving the Nano 100 supplement treatment than in the other two treatments. In the period of 1-14 days, the amount of feed consumed in the Nano 100 and Nano 50 supplement treatments was more than in the control group (p < 0.05). The body weight at the ages of 7 and 14 days in the Nano supplement 50 treatment was higher than in the control and Nano supplement 100 treatments. At the ages of 21, 28, and 35 days, however, the body weight was higher in the control and Nano supplement 50 treatments than in the Nano supplement 100 treatment (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio improved under the effect of Nano supplement 100 treatment (p < 0.05). At the end of the period, Nano supplement 100 and Nano supplement 50 treatments increased livability compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05), while experimental treatments did not significantly affect the production index (p > 0.05). Abdominal fat in the control treatment was more than in the treatment containing Nano supplement 100, but it was not significantly different from the Nano supplement 50 treatment (p < 0.05). The other carcass characteristics were not affected by the experimental treatments (p > 0.05). The effect of the experimental treatments was significant on the concentrations of triglyceride, LDL, and globulin (p < 0.05). The amount of triglyceride increased in the control treatment compared to the treatments containing Nano 100 and 50 supplements. However, LDL and globulin were greater in the treatment containing Nano supplement 100 than in the control and Nano supplement 50 treatments (p < 0.05). The other blood parameters were not affected by the experimental treatments (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that it is possible to reduce the consumption of four mineral substances by 50% by using the Nano form of these substances in the diet of broiler chickens, taking the economic considerations into account.
Background: The digestion of minerals is affected by several factors in the gastrointestinal tract. These factors include temperature, pH, varying concentration salts, and enzymes, which can separately affect the solubility of substances and their interactions with biological molecules. Minerals are also inhibited in the gastrointestinal tract through factors such as phosphates, phytates, dietary fiber, lignin’s, polyphenols, tannins, etc. These inhibitors often bind to ions of minerals and from complexes and make these ions unavailable. When minerals are used in inorganic form in the diet, these substances tend to separate in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and the low pH of the environment. Thus, the separated minerals bind to other nutrients in the digesta, which makes them unavailable for absorption in the intestine. As a result of non-absorption and an increase of unusable minerals, their secretion into wastes is increased and can lead to environmental concerns. Nanotechnology is one of the most creative technologies to produce different materials and elements with changes in the structure, texture, and high quality at the molecular level. Therefore, to prevent the excessive use of minerals in the diet, new nutritional strategies must be implemented without endangering the health and performance of animals. One of these new strategies that can be effective in improving the bioavailability of low-consumption mineral elements is to use the nano form of minerals in the diet. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effects of using the nano form of four minerals (copper, iron, zinc, and manganese) in two common and reduced levels on production traits, carcass characteristics, and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.
Methods: For this purpose, an experiment was performed with 360 one-day-old Arian broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with three treatments, four replications, and 30 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments included 1) a diet containing common mineral supplements (control), 2) a diet containing mineral supplement Nano 100 (with 100% of the recommended amounts of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in the nano form), and 3) a diet containing mineral supplement Nano 50 (with 50% of the recommended amounts of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in the nano form). The chickens of each replication were weighed as a group at the end of each week and 3 hours after feed restriction. Losses were collected, weighed, and counted daily and were used to obtain the percentages of losses and survival. At the age of 42 days, two pieces of birds were selected from each replication, which were close to the average of the group in terms of weight. They were killed after weighing, and the carcass components, including breast, thigh, neck, back, wings, abdominal fat percentage, and the whole carcass without intestines and viscera, along with some organs, such as heart and spleen, were weighed afterward. Their weights were calculated relative to live weight. At the age of 42 days, four birds were selected from each replication, and blood (3 ml) was taken from the underwing vein with a sterile syringe after separating the serum to measure the concentrations of total protein, globulin, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Globulin was obtained by subtracting albumin from total protein.
Results: In the first week, the feed intake was higher in the chickens receiving the Nano 100 supplement treatment than in the other two treatments. In the period of 1-14 days, the amount of feed consumed in the Nano 100 and Nano 50 supplement treatments was more than in the control group (p < 0.05). The body weight at the ages of 7 and 14 days in the Nano supplement 50 treatment was higher than in the control and Nano supplement 100 treatments. At the ages of 21, 28, and 35 days, however, the body weight was higher in the control and Nano supplement 50 treatments than in the Nano supplement 100 treatment (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio improved under the effect of Nano supplement 100 treatment (p < 0.05). At the end of the period, Nano supplement 100 and Nano supplement 50 treatments increased livability compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05), while experimental treatments did not significantly affect the production index (p > 0.05). Abdominal fat in the control treatment was more than in the treatment containing Nano supplement 100, but it was not significantly different from the Nano supplement 50 treatment (p < 0.05). The other carcass characteristics were not affected by the experimental treatments (p > 0.05). The effect of the experimental treatments was significant on the concentrations of triglyceride, LDL, and globulin (p < 0.05). The amount of triglyceride increased in the control treatment compared to the treatments containing Nano 100 and 50 supplements. However, LDL and globulin were greater in the treatment containing Nano supplement 100 than in the control and Nano supplement 50 treatments (p < 0.05). The other blood parameters were not affected by the experimental treatments (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that it is possible to reduce the consumption of four mineral substances by 50% by using the Nano form of these substances in the diet of broiler chickens, taking the economic considerations into account.
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