1- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
Abstract: (138 Views)
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: digestion of minerals is affected by several factors in gastrointestinal tract. These factors include; temperature, PH, varying concentration salts and enzyme. These factors can separately affect the solubility of substance and their interaction with biological molecules. Also, minerals are inhibited in the gastrointestinal tract through factors such as phosphates, phytates, dietary fiber, lignin’s, polyphenols and tannins, etc. These inhibitors often bind ions of minerals and from complexes and make these ions unavailable. When minerals are used in inorganic form in the diet, these substances tend to separate in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and the low pH of the environment, so the separated minerals bind with other nutrients in the digesta, which makes them unavailable for absorption in the intestine. As a result of non-absorption and increase of unusable minerals, their secretion into wastes has increased and can lead to environmental concerns. Nano technology is one of the most creative technologies to produce different materials and elements with changes in structure, texture and high quality at the molecular level. Therefore, in order to prevent the excessive use of minerals in the diet, new nutritional strategies must be implemented without endangering the health and performance of animals. One of these new strategies that can be effective in improving the bioavailability of low consumption mineral elements is the use of nano form of minerals in the diet. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of using nano form of four minerals (copper, iron, zinc and manganese) in two common and reduced levels on production traits, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, an experiment was performed with 360 one-day-old Arian broiler chickens in completely randomized with three treatments, four replications and, 30 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments include: 1) Diet containing common mineral supplements (control), 2) diet containing mineral supplement Nano 100 (with 100% of the recommended amount of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc elements in the Nano form), and 3) diet containing mineral supplement Nano 50 (with 50% of the recommended amount of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc elements in the Nano form). At the end of each week, the chickens of each replication were weighed as a group and three hours after feed restriction. Also, losses were collected, weighed and counted daily and were used to obtain the percentage of losses and the percentage of survival. At the age of 42 days, two pieces of birds were selected from each replication, which were close to the average of the group in terms of weight, after weighing, they were killed and the carcass components including breast, thigh, neck, back and wings, abdominal fat percentage and the whole carcass without Intestines and viscera, along with some organs such as heart and spleen, were weighed and their weight was calculated relative to live weight. At the age of 42 days, 4 birds were selected from each replication and blood was taken from the underwing vein with a sterile syringe in the amount of 3 ml after separating the serum to measure the concentration of total protein, globulin, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was used, and globulin was obtained by subtracting albumin from total protein.
Results:
The results of the research showed that in the first week, the feed intake in the chickens receiving the Nano 100 supplement treatment was higher than the other two treatments, and in the period of 1 to 14 days, the amount of feed consumed in the Nano 100 and Nano 50 supplement treatments was more than the control group (p<0.05). The body weight at the age of 7 and 14 days in the Nano supplement 50 treatment was higher than the control and Nano supplement 100 treatments, while at the ages of 21, 28 and 35 days, the body weight in the control and Nano supplement 50 treatments was higher than the Nano supplement 100 treatment (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio improved under the effect of Nano supplement 100 treatment (P<0.05). At the end of the period, Nano supplement 100 and Nano supplement 50 treatments increased livability compared to the control treatment (p<0.05), while experimental treatments had no significant effect on production index (p>0.05). Abdominal fat in the control treatment was more than the treatment containing Nano supplement 100, but it was not significantly different from the treatment with Nano supplement 50 (p<0.05) and other carcass characteristics were not affected by the experimental treatments (p>0.05). The effect of the experimental treatments on the concentration of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and globulin was significant (p<0.05), so that the control treatment increased the amount of triglyceride compared to the treatments containing Nano 100 and 50 supplements, but low-density lipoprotein and globulin in the treatment containing Nano supplement 100 were greater than control and Nano supplement 50 treatments (p<0.05), other blood parameters were not affected by experimental treatments (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that it is possible to reduce the consumption of four mineral substances by 50% by using the Nano form of these substances in the diet of broiler chickens, taking the economic considerations into account.
Introduction and Objectives: digestion of minerals is affected by several factors in gastrointestinal tract. These factors include; temperature, PH, varying concentration salts and enzyme. These factors can separately affect the solubility of substance and their interaction with biological molecules. Also, minerals are inhibited in the gastrointestinal tract through factors such as phosphates, phytates, dietary fiber, lignin’s, polyphenols and tannins, etc. These inhibitors often bind ions of minerals and from complexes and make these ions unavailable. When minerals are used in inorganic form in the diet, these substances tend to separate in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and the low pH of the environment, so the separated minerals bind with other nutrients in the digesta, which makes them unavailable for absorption in the intestine. As a result of non-absorption and increase of unusable minerals, their secretion into wastes has increased and can lead to environmental concerns. Nano technology is one of the most creative technologies to produce different materials and elements with changes in structure, texture and high quality at the molecular level. Therefore, in order to prevent the excessive use of minerals in the diet, new nutritional strategies must be implemented without endangering the health and performance of animals. One of these new strategies that can be effective in improving the bioavailability of low consumption mineral elements is the use of nano form of minerals in the diet. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of using nano form of four minerals (copper, iron, zinc and manganese) in two common and reduced levels on production traits, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, an experiment was performed with 360 one-day-old Arian broiler chickens in completely randomized with three treatments, four replications and, 30 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments include: 1) Diet containing common mineral supplements (control), 2) diet containing mineral supplement Nano 100 (with 100% of the recommended amount of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc elements in the Nano form), and 3) diet containing mineral supplement Nano 50 (with 50% of the recommended amount of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc elements in the Nano form). At the end of each week, the chickens of each replication were weighed as a group and three hours after feed restriction. Also, losses were collected, weighed and counted daily and were used to obtain the percentage of losses and the percentage of survival. At the age of 42 days, two pieces of birds were selected from each replication, which were close to the average of the group in terms of weight, after weighing, they were killed and the carcass components including breast, thigh, neck, back and wings, abdominal fat percentage and the whole carcass without Intestines and viscera, along with some organs such as heart and spleen, were weighed and their weight was calculated relative to live weight. At the age of 42 days, 4 birds were selected from each replication and blood was taken from the underwing vein with a sterile syringe in the amount of 3 ml after separating the serum to measure the concentration of total protein, globulin, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was used, and globulin was obtained by subtracting albumin from total protein.
Results:
The results of the research showed that in the first week, the feed intake in the chickens receiving the Nano 100 supplement treatment was higher than the other two treatments, and in the period of 1 to 14 days, the amount of feed consumed in the Nano 100 and Nano 50 supplement treatments was more than the control group (p<0.05). The body weight at the age of 7 and 14 days in the Nano supplement 50 treatment was higher than the control and Nano supplement 100 treatments, while at the ages of 21, 28 and 35 days, the body weight in the control and Nano supplement 50 treatments was higher than the Nano supplement 100 treatment (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio improved under the effect of Nano supplement 100 treatment (P<0.05). At the end of the period, Nano supplement 100 and Nano supplement 50 treatments increased livability compared to the control treatment (p<0.05), while experimental treatments had no significant effect on production index (p>0.05). Abdominal fat in the control treatment was more than the treatment containing Nano supplement 100, but it was not significantly different from the treatment with Nano supplement 50 (p<0.05) and other carcass characteristics were not affected by the experimental treatments (p>0.05). The effect of the experimental treatments on the concentration of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and globulin was significant (p<0.05), so that the control treatment increased the amount of triglyceride compared to the treatments containing Nano 100 and 50 supplements, but low-density lipoprotein and globulin in the treatment containing Nano supplement 100 were greater than control and Nano supplement 50 treatments (p<0.05), other blood parameters were not affected by experimental treatments (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that it is possible to reduce the consumption of four mineral substances by 50% by using the Nano form of these substances in the diet of broiler chickens, taking the economic considerations into account.
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