Volume 15, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Res Anim Prod 2024, 15(4): 36-47 |
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Bakhtiyari R, Chashnidel Y, Tymouri Yansari A. (2024). Effects of Different Sources of Selenium on Digestibility, Rumen Parameters, and Carcass Characteristics in Crossbred Zel Fattening Male Lambs. Res Anim Prod. 15(4), 36-47. doi:10.61186/rap.15.4.36
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1408-en.html
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1408-en.html
1- Sari University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
2- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
2- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
Abstract: (594 Views)
Extended Abstract
Background: Generally, most feeds used in livestock nutrition are deficient in some nutrients and require nutritional supplements. Among the supplements, micro and macro minerals are of particular importance. Selenium is a scarce and essential mineral in animal nutrition, and its importance has been well confirmed in the health and productivity of animals. Selenium plays a role in enzyme activity and acts as an antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage to body tissues. The use of selenium supplements in the diet of sheep can stimulate rumen microbial activity, digestive microorganisms, and their enzyme activity and improve rumen fermentation. It is believed that the low selenium absorption in ruminants is due to the deficiency of selenium in the ration and its conversion into an insoluble form. The reasons for improving the digestibility of feed nutrients in response to selenium supplementation include an increase in protozoan activity and an increase in the activity of cellulolytic bacteria. The use of different organic and inorganic forms of selenium affects its absorption in the digestive system. The use of organic selenium supplements, such as selenium chelates, with organic acids and amino acids increases the ability to absorb this element in the digestive system. There is a direct relationship between the amount of selenium in the soil and plants, and based on the published reports, the soil of our country is deficient in terms of the condition of this element, which shows the necessity of using selenium supplements in the ration of livestock in many regions of Iran. As a result, this study aimed to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplements on digestibility, rumen parameters, microbial protein production, rumen protozoa populations, and carcass characteristics of crossbred Zel fattening male lambs.
Methods: Twenty-five male lambs aged 4-5 months and with an average body weight of 32.4 ± 1.5 kg were assigned to five treatments with five replications as a completely randomized design for 84 days. The experimental treatments were:1) basal diet without selenium supplement (control), 2) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as selenium glycine, 3) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as selenium methionine, 4) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as selenium cysteine, and 5) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as sodium selenite. The apparent digestibility of feed nutrients was determined using the acid-insoluble ash internal indicator method. Ruminal fluid was collected 3 hours after consuming the morning feed on the 84th day of the experiment to determine the protozoa population and the pattern of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid. In the last week of the experiment, urine was collected to estimate the production of microbial protein by measuring the excretion of purine derivatives from urine. After completing the experiment, 15 lambs were weighed and slaughtered to evaluate the carcass and meat characteristics. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS.
Results: In treatments containing selenium methionine and selenium cysteine supplements, the digestibility of dry matter and insoluble fibers in neutral detergent increased significantly compared to the inorganic selenium and control groups (P < 0.05). The digestibility of organic matter in treatments supplemented with selenium methionine and selenium cysteine increased significantly compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, crude protein digestibility improved significantly in all treatments supplemented with selenium compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the digestibility of ether extract and acid detergent insoluble fibers (ADF) among experimental treatments (P < 0.05). The rumen fluid pH was significantly lower in all lambs receiving selenium supplements than in the control group (P < 0.05). In treatments containing selenium methionine and selenium cysteine, the concentration of propionic acid increased compared to the treatment containing sodium selenite and the control group (P < 0.05), and the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio decreased significantly compared to the treatment containing inorganic selenium and the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of butyric acid in all treatments supplemented with organic selenium was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the experimental treatments did not affect the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, other volatile fatty acids, and total fatty acids in the rumen liquid of lambs (P < 0.05). In the present study, the use of organic and inorganic selenium supplements did not significantly affect microbial protein production, rumen fluid protozoa population, carcass characteristics, and the chemical composition of lamb meat (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that adding 0.5 mg Se/kg DM to the basic diet (containing 0.07 mg Se/kg DM of feed) from organic sources of selenium supplements (especially selenium methionine and selenium cysteine supplements) compared to the inorganic source of selenium has a better effect on the digestibility of feed nutrients and rumen parameters of fattening lambs.
Background: Generally, most feeds used in livestock nutrition are deficient in some nutrients and require nutritional supplements. Among the supplements, micro and macro minerals are of particular importance. Selenium is a scarce and essential mineral in animal nutrition, and its importance has been well confirmed in the health and productivity of animals. Selenium plays a role in enzyme activity and acts as an antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage to body tissues. The use of selenium supplements in the diet of sheep can stimulate rumen microbial activity, digestive microorganisms, and their enzyme activity and improve rumen fermentation. It is believed that the low selenium absorption in ruminants is due to the deficiency of selenium in the ration and its conversion into an insoluble form. The reasons for improving the digestibility of feed nutrients in response to selenium supplementation include an increase in protozoan activity and an increase in the activity of cellulolytic bacteria. The use of different organic and inorganic forms of selenium affects its absorption in the digestive system. The use of organic selenium supplements, such as selenium chelates, with organic acids and amino acids increases the ability to absorb this element in the digestive system. There is a direct relationship between the amount of selenium in the soil and plants, and based on the published reports, the soil of our country is deficient in terms of the condition of this element, which shows the necessity of using selenium supplements in the ration of livestock in many regions of Iran. As a result, this study aimed to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplements on digestibility, rumen parameters, microbial protein production, rumen protozoa populations, and carcass characteristics of crossbred Zel fattening male lambs.
Methods: Twenty-five male lambs aged 4-5 months and with an average body weight of 32.4 ± 1.5 kg were assigned to five treatments with five replications as a completely randomized design for 84 days. The experimental treatments were:1) basal diet without selenium supplement (control), 2) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as selenium glycine, 3) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as selenium methionine, 4) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as selenium cysteine, and 5) basal diet + 0.5 mg Se/kg DM as sodium selenite. The apparent digestibility of feed nutrients was determined using the acid-insoluble ash internal indicator method. Ruminal fluid was collected 3 hours after consuming the morning feed on the 84th day of the experiment to determine the protozoa population and the pattern of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid. In the last week of the experiment, urine was collected to estimate the production of microbial protein by measuring the excretion of purine derivatives from urine. After completing the experiment, 15 lambs were weighed and slaughtered to evaluate the carcass and meat characteristics. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS.
Results: In treatments containing selenium methionine and selenium cysteine supplements, the digestibility of dry matter and insoluble fibers in neutral detergent increased significantly compared to the inorganic selenium and control groups (P < 0.05). The digestibility of organic matter in treatments supplemented with selenium methionine and selenium cysteine increased significantly compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, crude protein digestibility improved significantly in all treatments supplemented with selenium compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the digestibility of ether extract and acid detergent insoluble fibers (ADF) among experimental treatments (P < 0.05). The rumen fluid pH was significantly lower in all lambs receiving selenium supplements than in the control group (P < 0.05). In treatments containing selenium methionine and selenium cysteine, the concentration of propionic acid increased compared to the treatment containing sodium selenite and the control group (P < 0.05), and the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio decreased significantly compared to the treatment containing inorganic selenium and the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of butyric acid in all treatments supplemented with organic selenium was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the experimental treatments did not affect the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, other volatile fatty acids, and total fatty acids in the rumen liquid of lambs (P < 0.05). In the present study, the use of organic and inorganic selenium supplements did not significantly affect microbial protein production, rumen fluid protozoa population, carcass characteristics, and the chemical composition of lamb meat (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that adding 0.5 mg Se/kg DM to the basic diet (containing 0.07 mg Se/kg DM of feed) from organic sources of selenium supplements (especially selenium methionine and selenium cysteine supplements) compared to the inorganic source of selenium has a better effect on the digestibility of feed nutrients and rumen parameters of fattening lambs.
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