Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Res Anim Prod 2025, 16(1): 1-14 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Asgari Z, Hajkhodadadi I, Ghasemi H, Khodaei Motlagh M. (2025). Evaluation of Feed Grade Wheat Levels on Performance, Some Blood Parameters, Carcass Traits and Intestine Morphology in Male and Female Growing Japanese Quail. Res Anim Prod. 16(1), 1-14. doi:10.61186/rap.16.1.1
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1404-en.html
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1404-en.html
1- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran
Abstract: (337 Views)
Extended Abstract
Background: Japanese quail belongs to Galiformes class, Phaside family, Coturnix genus and Japonica species. The Japanese quail belongs to the order Galiformes, the family Phaside, the genus Coturnix and the species Japonica. Thus, the scientific name is Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). As a new species, the quail produces eggs and meat that have a unique taste. The Japanese quail belongs to the order Galiformes, the family Phaside, the genus Coturnix and the species Japonica. Thus, the scientific name is Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Corn is a
high-energy grain that is the focus of most poultry producers. However, it is not always available at an economical price so in our country, wheat waste may be a more economical and easily available alternative. The higher amount of crude protein, amino acids lysine, methionine, arginine, phenylalanine, alanine, tryptophan, threonine and valine in wheat compared to corn and improving the quality of pellet in diets containing wheat are the advantages of this grain. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of two levels of wheat with three methods of milling and autoclaving and adding enzymes on the performance and blood metabolites of growing Japanese quails.
Methods: In order to conduct this experiment, 560 one-day-old quail chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 4 replications and 20 chicks per replication. The average weight of the chicks on the day of the experiment was 7.98 ± 0.5 grams. The chicks were raised for 42 days and had free access to water and feed throughout the experiment. The light schedule was 22 hours of light and 2 hours of darkness, and standard rearing conditions (temperature, light, ventilation) were observed.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the different levels wheat with different processing on the yield, carcass traits and blood metabolites of growing Japanese quail was performed in completely randomized design.This experiment was consisted of seven treatment, 1-control,
2-diet with %15 wheat, 3- diet with %15 wheat with enzyme, 4-diet with %15 autoclaved wheat 5-diet with %30 wheat, 6- diet with %30 wheat with enzyme, 7-diet with %15 autoclaved wheat. This study, conducted with total of 560 3-d quails that non-sex-separated consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replicates and each replicate consisted of 20 quails. The growth period for performance evaluation ranged 3-42 days.
At 42 days of age, the weight of the birds was recorded first, then 2 birds of each sex per replicate (8 birds per treatment) were randomly selected and then slaughtered by cutting the vein and tail. After filling, cutting off the legs and removing the intestines, the weight of the whole carcass and its various parts (breast, thigh, ...) was recorded. Then, by dividing the weight of each carcass part by the live weight before slaughter, the ratio of each part was calculated. After opening the abdomen, the organs of the liver (without the gallbladder), gizzard, forestomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were separated and their weights were measured, and the relative weight of the internal organs was calculated. To examine the morphological characteristics of different parts of the small intestine, a section of each duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the intestine and fixed in formalin. Transverse sections of 3 μm thickness were cut with a microtome (Leica Microsystems, Rijswijk, The Netherlands) and fixed after staining with hematoxylin-eosin on a slide. Images of the samples on the slide were taken using a light microscope equipped with a 3-megapixel camera (BEL Photonics®, Milan, Italy), and morphological indices of the jejunum were determined using software (BEL Eurisko v.2.9 software; BEL Engineering, Monza, Italy). Morphological traits measured included villus length, width, and area. Ten villus from each section were examined.
Results: The results showed that the control and 15% wheat with enzyme treatments had higher BW and ADG at 42 days and the lowest ones was observed in the 30% wheat without enzyme treatment (P <0.05). The effect of different experimental treatments on feed conversion ratio in the period of 21 to 42 days was significant (P <0.05) so that the control treatment had the lowest feed conversion and the treatments containing wheat at levels %15 and %30 had the highest feed conversion ratio. Regarding the relative weight of breast and thigh, there was a significant difference between different experimental treatments (P <0.05) and the highest weight was related to control treatment and 15% with enzyme wheat. Different experimental treatments did not affect a significant effect at total cholesterol (P<0.05), but this trait was significantly differ between the two sexes (P> 0.05) and the female sex had higher total serum cholesterol than the male. Duodenal villi area was significantly affected by different experimental treatments (P<0.05), in the treatments containing enzyme with both levels of feed grade wheat had the highest amount in compared to other treatments.
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that due to some reason such as age,… at the beginning of the production period, high level of wheat with any processing methods, did not included in diet,but during the growth period, can use 15% of wheat supplemented with 500 grams per kilogram of multi-enzyme.
Background: Japanese quail belongs to Galiformes class, Phaside family, Coturnix genus and Japonica species. The Japanese quail belongs to the order Galiformes, the family Phaside, the genus Coturnix and the species Japonica. Thus, the scientific name is Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). As a new species, the quail produces eggs and meat that have a unique taste. The Japanese quail belongs to the order Galiformes, the family Phaside, the genus Coturnix and the species Japonica. Thus, the scientific name is Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Corn is a
high-energy grain that is the focus of most poultry producers. However, it is not always available at an economical price so in our country, wheat waste may be a more economical and easily available alternative. The higher amount of crude protein, amino acids lysine, methionine, arginine, phenylalanine, alanine, tryptophan, threonine and valine in wheat compared to corn and improving the quality of pellet in diets containing wheat are the advantages of this grain. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of two levels of wheat with three methods of milling and autoclaving and adding enzymes on the performance and blood metabolites of growing Japanese quails.
Methods: In order to conduct this experiment, 560 one-day-old quail chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 4 replications and 20 chicks per replication. The average weight of the chicks on the day of the experiment was 7.98 ± 0.5 grams. The chicks were raised for 42 days and had free access to water and feed throughout the experiment. The light schedule was 22 hours of light and 2 hours of darkness, and standard rearing conditions (temperature, light, ventilation) were observed.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the different levels wheat with different processing on the yield, carcass traits and blood metabolites of growing Japanese quail was performed in completely randomized design.This experiment was consisted of seven treatment, 1-control,
2-diet with %15 wheat, 3- diet with %15 wheat with enzyme, 4-diet with %15 autoclaved wheat 5-diet with %30 wheat, 6- diet with %30 wheat with enzyme, 7-diet with %15 autoclaved wheat. This study, conducted with total of 560 3-d quails that non-sex-separated consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replicates and each replicate consisted of 20 quails. The growth period for performance evaluation ranged 3-42 days.
At 42 days of age, the weight of the birds was recorded first, then 2 birds of each sex per replicate (8 birds per treatment) were randomly selected and then slaughtered by cutting the vein and tail. After filling, cutting off the legs and removing the intestines, the weight of the whole carcass and its various parts (breast, thigh, ...) was recorded. Then, by dividing the weight of each carcass part by the live weight before slaughter, the ratio of each part was calculated. After opening the abdomen, the organs of the liver (without the gallbladder), gizzard, forestomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were separated and their weights were measured, and the relative weight of the internal organs was calculated. To examine the morphological characteristics of different parts of the small intestine, a section of each duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the intestine and fixed in formalin. Transverse sections of 3 μm thickness were cut with a microtome (Leica Microsystems, Rijswijk, The Netherlands) and fixed after staining with hematoxylin-eosin on a slide. Images of the samples on the slide were taken using a light microscope equipped with a 3-megapixel camera (BEL Photonics®, Milan, Italy), and morphological indices of the jejunum were determined using software (BEL Eurisko v.2.9 software; BEL Engineering, Monza, Italy). Morphological traits measured included villus length, width, and area. Ten villus from each section were examined.
Results: The results showed that the control and 15% wheat with enzyme treatments had higher BW and ADG at 42 days and the lowest ones was observed in the 30% wheat without enzyme treatment (P <0.05). The effect of different experimental treatments on feed conversion ratio in the period of 21 to 42 days was significant (P <0.05) so that the control treatment had the lowest feed conversion and the treatments containing wheat at levels %15 and %30 had the highest feed conversion ratio. Regarding the relative weight of breast and thigh, there was a significant difference between different experimental treatments (P <0.05) and the highest weight was related to control treatment and 15% with enzyme wheat. Different experimental treatments did not affect a significant effect at total cholesterol (P<0.05), but this trait was significantly differ between the two sexes (P> 0.05) and the female sex had higher total serum cholesterol than the male. Duodenal villi area was significantly affected by different experimental treatments (P<0.05), in the treatments containing enzyme with both levels of feed grade wheat had the highest amount in compared to other treatments.
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that due to some reason such as age,… at the beginning of the production period, high level of wheat with any processing methods, did not included in diet,but during the growth period, can use 15% of wheat supplemented with 500 grams per kilogram of multi-enzyme.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
