Volume 16, Issue 4 (12-2025)
Res Anim Prod 2025, 16(4): 74-85 |
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Nasiri K, Kazemifard M, Rezaei M, Yousefi S, Chashnidel Y. (2025). Effects of Additive Lysophospholipid and Starch Sources on the Performance, Carass Characteristics, and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Res Anim Prod. 16(4), 74-85. doi:10.61882/rap.2025.1506
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1506-en.html
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1506-en.html
1- Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
2- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
2- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
Abstract: (1082 Views)
Extended Abstract
Background: Starch is the primary source of energy in poultry diets. Due to having high levels of fibers or non-starch polysaccharides, the use of carbohydrate sources in the diet can have adverse effects on the physiology of the digestive system. Although broiler chickens’ diets are generally corn-based, some nutrients are more abundant in wheat than in corn. However, the use of wheat in feeding broilers is limited due to the presence of water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides (xylans and beta-glucans) because they have an anti-nutritional role. These wheat compounds increase the viscosity of materials in the digestive tract and reduce the digestibility of lipid, starch, and protein, change the intestinal microbial flora, and reduce the physiological and morphological changes (tissue properties) of the digestive tract, ultimately leading to a decrease in bird performance. Therefore, the use of emulsifiers may lead to an increase in the digestion of nutrients in diets containing non-starch polysaccharides. Lysophospholipids can be mentioned among the effective phospholipid emulsifiers in the digestion and absorption of fat in birds. Lysophospholipids are natural surfactants obtained from the hydrolysis of phospholipids by the enzyme phospholipase A2. Lysophospholipids have a higher capacity to form micelles; the formation of fine micelles is very important and leads to higher absorption of fat. Therefore, the present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of lysophospholipid and starch sources on the performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters of broiler chickens.
Methods: This experiment was performed with 400 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement, including eight levels of two types of rations (corn and wheat), two levels of lysophospholipids (0 and 0.01%), and two levels of lecithin (0 and 1%). Five replications containing 10 birds were assigned to each experimental treatment. During the experiment, feed intake and body weight were measured periodically. At the end of the experiment, two birds were selected from each replicate, and their carcass characteristics were examined after slaughter. At 21 and 42 days of age, two chicks were selected based on the average body weight of each replicate, and blood was drawn from their wing veins.
Results: The results of the experiment showed that the effect of the starch source (corn and wheat) was significant on feed consumption in the final period. The feed consumption of broiler chickens fed with a diet containing wheat increased significantly compared to a diet containing corn in the final period (P< 0.05). Lysophospholipid addition to diets containing wheat and corn caused an increase in weight during the growth period and a decrease in the feed conversion ratio during the growth period and the entire period (P< 0.05). The influence of the starch source (corn and wheat) was significant on spleen weight, with a significantly increased weight of the spleens of broiler chickens fed with the corn diet compared to the wheat diet (P< 0.05). The percentages of carcass and breast increased, and fat decreased in the abdominal cavity by adding lysophospholipids to diets containing wheat and corn (P< 0.05). The interaction effects of the diet type, lysophospholipids, and lecithin caused a significant increase in breast weight (P< 0.05). In addition, the interaction effects of the diet type, lysophospholipids, and lecithin were significant on liver weight. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, and HDL decreased, and uric acid concentration increased by adding lysophospholipids to diets containing corn and wheat at the age of 21 days (P < 0.05). Moreover, adding lecithin to diets containing corn and wheat at the age of 21 days decreased the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, and HDL and increased uric acid concentration (P < 0.05). At the age of 38 days, adding lysophospholipids to the diets containing corn and wheat decreased albumin concentration and increased the concentrations of triglyceride and VLDL (P < 0.05). However, the albumin concentration decreased, and the concentrations of triglyceride and VLDL increased by adding lecithin to diets containing corn and wheat (P < 0.05). Yet, the effect of starch source (corn and wheat) and the interaction effects of the diet type, lysophospholipids, and lecithin did not significantly affect blood chemical metabolites at the ages of 21 and 38 days.
Conclusion: The results of the present experiment showed that the use of lysophospholipids in the diet caused a decrease in the results of the abdominal cavity and an increase in the carcass percentage and breast weight of broiler chickens. Adding lysophospholipids to diets containing corn and wheat reduced feed consumption during the growth period and the whole period and increased weight during the growth period. Adding licitin also increased uric acid and triglycerides and decreased blood glucose and cholesterol consumption in broiler chickens.
Background: Starch is the primary source of energy in poultry diets. Due to having high levels of fibers or non-starch polysaccharides, the use of carbohydrate sources in the diet can have adverse effects on the physiology of the digestive system. Although broiler chickens’ diets are generally corn-based, some nutrients are more abundant in wheat than in corn. However, the use of wheat in feeding broilers is limited due to the presence of water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides (xylans and beta-glucans) because they have an anti-nutritional role. These wheat compounds increase the viscosity of materials in the digestive tract and reduce the digestibility of lipid, starch, and protein, change the intestinal microbial flora, and reduce the physiological and morphological changes (tissue properties) of the digestive tract, ultimately leading to a decrease in bird performance. Therefore, the use of emulsifiers may lead to an increase in the digestion of nutrients in diets containing non-starch polysaccharides. Lysophospholipids can be mentioned among the effective phospholipid emulsifiers in the digestion and absorption of fat in birds. Lysophospholipids are natural surfactants obtained from the hydrolysis of phospholipids by the enzyme phospholipase A2. Lysophospholipids have a higher capacity to form micelles; the formation of fine micelles is very important and leads to higher absorption of fat. Therefore, the present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of lysophospholipid and starch sources on the performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters of broiler chickens.
Methods: This experiment was performed with 400 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement, including eight levels of two types of rations (corn and wheat), two levels of lysophospholipids (0 and 0.01%), and two levels of lecithin (0 and 1%). Five replications containing 10 birds were assigned to each experimental treatment. During the experiment, feed intake and body weight were measured periodically. At the end of the experiment, two birds were selected from each replicate, and their carcass characteristics were examined after slaughter. At 21 and 42 days of age, two chicks were selected based on the average body weight of each replicate, and blood was drawn from their wing veins.
Results: The results of the experiment showed that the effect of the starch source (corn and wheat) was significant on feed consumption in the final period. The feed consumption of broiler chickens fed with a diet containing wheat increased significantly compared to a diet containing corn in the final period (P< 0.05). Lysophospholipid addition to diets containing wheat and corn caused an increase in weight during the growth period and a decrease in the feed conversion ratio during the growth period and the entire period (P< 0.05). The influence of the starch source (corn and wheat) was significant on spleen weight, with a significantly increased weight of the spleens of broiler chickens fed with the corn diet compared to the wheat diet (P< 0.05). The percentages of carcass and breast increased, and fat decreased in the abdominal cavity by adding lysophospholipids to diets containing wheat and corn (P< 0.05). The interaction effects of the diet type, lysophospholipids, and lecithin caused a significant increase in breast weight (P< 0.05). In addition, the interaction effects of the diet type, lysophospholipids, and lecithin were significant on liver weight. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, and HDL decreased, and uric acid concentration increased by adding lysophospholipids to diets containing corn and wheat at the age of 21 days (P < 0.05). Moreover, adding lecithin to diets containing corn and wheat at the age of 21 days decreased the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, and HDL and increased uric acid concentration (P < 0.05). At the age of 38 days, adding lysophospholipids to the diets containing corn and wheat decreased albumin concentration and increased the concentrations of triglyceride and VLDL (P < 0.05). However, the albumin concentration decreased, and the concentrations of triglyceride and VLDL increased by adding lecithin to diets containing corn and wheat (P < 0.05). Yet, the effect of starch source (corn and wheat) and the interaction effects of the diet type, lysophospholipids, and lecithin did not significantly affect blood chemical metabolites at the ages of 21 and 38 days.
Conclusion: The results of the present experiment showed that the use of lysophospholipids in the diet caused a decrease in the results of the abdominal cavity and an increase in the carcass percentage and breast weight of broiler chickens. Adding lysophospholipids to diets containing corn and wheat reduced feed consumption during the growth period and the whole period and increased weight during the growth period. Adding licitin also increased uric acid and triglycerides and decreased blood glucose and cholesterol consumption in broiler chickens.
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