Volume 15, Issue 43 (4-2024)
Res Anim Prod 2024, 15(43): 42-49 |
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Mirshamsollahi A, Talebian Masoudi A, Azizy R A. (2024). Comparison of Feedlot Performance and Carcass Yields of Native Calves×Holstein and Native Calves× Simmental Crossbreds. Res Anim Prod. 15(43), 42-49. doi:10.61186/rap.15.43.42
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1394-en.html
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-1394-en.html
Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, Arak, Iran
Abstract: (607 Views)
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: The Markazi province is considered as one of the important centers of calf fattening in the country. This province has more than 4.4% of the total cattle and calf population of Iran with 370,000 head of cows and calves, including purebred, hybrid and native. It ranks twelfth among the provinces of the country. In addition, this province, with the production of 15,000 tons of beef and veal, accounts for about 3.3% of the production of beef and veal meat in the country. In recent years, there has been a lot of interest from the Livestock breeders of the province for the fattening of Simmental calves, due to their calmness and better meat production efficiency, as well as their adaptability to the weather conditions of this province. This issue caused the desire and request of the province's livestock improvement deputy to implement a project in order to determine the productivity and fattening characteristics of this breed in a scientific and documented manner. Since no research has been done in the province to compare the growth and feedlot performance of crossbred Holstein and Simmental calves and there is little information about carcass characteristics and suitable slaughter weights of cattle breeds in the province, calf breeders do not have detailed information about productivity, feed consumption, growth traits and carcass quality of calves of different breeds. So, this study was conducted to compare of fattening and carcasses characteristics of Simmental and Holstein crosses male calves in one of the fattening units of the Markazi Province that had the necessary conditions and facilities for the implementation of the project (having a scale and a suitable and sufficient place).
Material and Methods: 60 male calves with an average weight of 150 to 200 kg were divided into two groups (treatment). In one group, 30 Holstein crossbred calves and in the other group, 30 Simmental crossbred calves were placed. So that there was the least difference of weight and body condition between the two groups. Therefore, balanced and optimal diets were adjusted for each group, based on the nutritional needs of the calves (according to the weight of the calves) and according to the appropriate and available nutrients in the unit based on the nutritional requirements presented in the NRC tables of beef cattle (2016). Balanced diets were given to the calves based on Total Mixed Ration and after a 14-day feeding adaptation period. The average consumption of fodder and concentrate was adjusted to 40 to 60 in the whole period. During the fattening period, daily feed was provided to the calves in three times and until the appetite. During the fattening period, the feed was given to the calves three times a day and to extent of appetite. Daily feed intake was recorded. Calves were weighed monthly after 12 hours of food deprivation and before morning feeding, and then the feed conversion ratios of the animals in each group were calculated. The fattening period continued until the calves reached the appropriate weight. At the end of the fattening period, 5 calves in each group were weighed and slaughtered after 12 hours of food deprivation and were measured the carcass weight and yield and fat thickness on the ribs of 12. Comparisons between two groups of calves in different weight groups were performed by independent t-test using SPSS statistical software.
Results: The results showed that the total weight gain of calves in the fattening period was 360 and 336 kg for Simmental and Holstein hybrids, respectively; which showed a higher weight gain (24 kg) in treatment one (P =0.03). So that the average monthly and daily weight gain of Simmental and Holstein hybrid calves in a breeding period was (40 and 37.30) and (1.33 and 1.24) kg per month, respectively (P =0.032). The average daily dry matter intake during the fattening period for Simmental and Holstein hybrid calves was 8.05 and 8.28 kg, respectively, but the difference was not significant. The mean feed conversion ratio for the whole fattening period of treatments was 6.05 and 6.67, respectively, which was significantly different between the two treatments (P =0.04). The mean carcass yield of Simmental and Holstein hybrid calves at the end of 9 months of fattening was 55.45 and 52.27% and the difference between the two treatments was significant (P =0.01). The thickness of dorsal fat between ribs 12 and 13 in treatments one and two were 6.05 and 6.75 mm, respectively, and the thickness of straight muscle in the range of 12 and 13 ribs was 53.62 and 51.4 mm, respectively (P =0.035).
Conclusion: The results showed that Simmental hybrid calves have better efficiency in terms of growth, food yield and carcass and meat characteristics than Holstein hybrid calves. Therefore, for the economic production of meat and the supply of the country's red meat from the domestic sources, suggested that, if possible, some of the country's feedlot farm proceed to breed this high yielding breed.
Introduction and Objective: The Markazi province is considered as one of the important centers of calf fattening in the country. This province has more than 4.4% of the total cattle and calf population of Iran with 370,000 head of cows and calves, including purebred, hybrid and native. It ranks twelfth among the provinces of the country. In addition, this province, with the production of 15,000 tons of beef and veal, accounts for about 3.3% of the production of beef and veal meat in the country. In recent years, there has been a lot of interest from the Livestock breeders of the province for the fattening of Simmental calves, due to their calmness and better meat production efficiency, as well as their adaptability to the weather conditions of this province. This issue caused the desire and request of the province's livestock improvement deputy to implement a project in order to determine the productivity and fattening characteristics of this breed in a scientific and documented manner. Since no research has been done in the province to compare the growth and feedlot performance of crossbred Holstein and Simmental calves and there is little information about carcass characteristics and suitable slaughter weights of cattle breeds in the province, calf breeders do not have detailed information about productivity, feed consumption, growth traits and carcass quality of calves of different breeds. So, this study was conducted to compare of fattening and carcasses characteristics of Simmental and Holstein crosses male calves in one of the fattening units of the Markazi Province that had the necessary conditions and facilities for the implementation of the project (having a scale and a suitable and sufficient place).
Material and Methods: 60 male calves with an average weight of 150 to 200 kg were divided into two groups (treatment). In one group, 30 Holstein crossbred calves and in the other group, 30 Simmental crossbred calves were placed. So that there was the least difference of weight and body condition between the two groups. Therefore, balanced and optimal diets were adjusted for each group, based on the nutritional needs of the calves (according to the weight of the calves) and according to the appropriate and available nutrients in the unit based on the nutritional requirements presented in the NRC tables of beef cattle (2016). Balanced diets were given to the calves based on Total Mixed Ration and after a 14-day feeding adaptation period. The average consumption of fodder and concentrate was adjusted to 40 to 60 in the whole period. During the fattening period, daily feed was provided to the calves in three times and until the appetite. During the fattening period, the feed was given to the calves three times a day and to extent of appetite. Daily feed intake was recorded. Calves were weighed monthly after 12 hours of food deprivation and before morning feeding, and then the feed conversion ratios of the animals in each group were calculated. The fattening period continued until the calves reached the appropriate weight. At the end of the fattening period, 5 calves in each group were weighed and slaughtered after 12 hours of food deprivation and were measured the carcass weight and yield and fat thickness on the ribs of 12. Comparisons between two groups of calves in different weight groups were performed by independent t-test using SPSS statistical software.
Results: The results showed that the total weight gain of calves in the fattening period was 360 and 336 kg for Simmental and Holstein hybrids, respectively; which showed a higher weight gain (24 kg) in treatment one (P =0.03). So that the average monthly and daily weight gain of Simmental and Holstein hybrid calves in a breeding period was (40 and 37.30) and (1.33 and 1.24) kg per month, respectively (P =0.032). The average daily dry matter intake during the fattening period for Simmental and Holstein hybrid calves was 8.05 and 8.28 kg, respectively, but the difference was not significant. The mean feed conversion ratio for the whole fattening period of treatments was 6.05 and 6.67, respectively, which was significantly different between the two treatments (P =0.04). The mean carcass yield of Simmental and Holstein hybrid calves at the end of 9 months of fattening was 55.45 and 52.27% and the difference between the two treatments was significant (P =0.01). The thickness of dorsal fat between ribs 12 and 13 in treatments one and two were 6.05 and 6.75 mm, respectively, and the thickness of straight muscle in the range of 12 and 13 ribs was 53.62 and 51.4 mm, respectively (P =0.035).
Conclusion: The results showed that Simmental hybrid calves have better efficiency in terms of growth, food yield and carcass and meat characteristics than Holstein hybrid calves. Therefore, for the economic production of meat and the supply of the country's red meat from the domestic sources, suggested that, if possible, some of the country's feedlot farm proceed to breed this high yielding breed.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان
Received: 2023/06/12 | Revised: 2024/06/8 | Accepted: 2023/12/3 | Published: 2024/04/27
Received: 2023/06/12 | Revised: 2024/06/8 | Accepted: 2023/12/3 | Published: 2024/04/27
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