1. Stange, E. and M. Ayres. 2010. Climate Change Impacts: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA. [
DOI:10.1002/9780470015902.a0022555]
2. Reddy, P.R., A. Verghese and V.V. Rajan. 2012. Potential impact of climate change on honeybees (Apis spp.) and their pollination services. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 18(2): 121-7.
3. Price, M.V., D.R. Campbell, N.M. Waser and A.K. 2008. Brody. Bridging the generation gap in plants: pollination, parental fecundity, and offspring demography. Ecology, 89(6): 1596-604. [
DOI:10.1890/07-0614.1]
4. Leonhardt, S.D., N. Gallai, L.A. Garibaldi, M. Kuhlmann and A.M. Klein. 2013. Economic gain, stability of pollination and bee diversity decrease from southern to northern Europe. Basic and Applied Ecology, 14(6): 461-71. [
DOI:10.1016/j.baae.2013.06.003]
5. Neff, J., B. Simpson, J. LaSalle and I. Gauld. 1993. Hymenoptera and biodiversity. LaSalle, J, Gauld, ID, Eds, 143-67.
6. Larcher, F., C. Baldacchini, C. Ferracini, M. Vercelli, M. Ristorini, L. Battisti. 2021. Calfapietra. Nature-based solutions as tools for environmental and ecological monitoring in cities. Urban Services to Ecosystems; Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland.
7. Mohammadi, P., J. Nazemi Rafie and J. Rostamzadeh. 2018. Evaluation of phylogenetic characteristics of Iranian honeybee (Apis mellifera meda) populations based on mitochondrial ND2 Gene. Research On Animal Production (Scientific and Research), 9(21): 93-104 (In Persian). [
DOI:10.29252/rap.9.21.93]
8. FAOSTAT. 2021. Food and Agriculture Data. Available online:http://wwwfaoorg/faostat (accessed on 4 December 2021).
9. Goulson, D., E. Nicholls, C. Botías and E.L. Rotheray. 2015. Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers. Science, 347(6229). [
DOI:10.1126/science.1255957]
10. Flores, J.M., S. Gil-Lebrero, V. Gámiz, M.I. Rodríguez, M.A. Ortiz and F.J. Quiles. 2019. Effect of the climate change on honey bee colonies in a temperate Mediterranean zone assessed through remote hive weight monitoring system in conjunction with exhaustive colonies assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 653: 1111-9. [
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.004]
11. Varikou, K., K.M. Kasiotis, E. Bempelou, E. Manea-Karga, C. Anagnostopoulos, A. Charalampous, et al. 2020. A Pesticide Residues Insight on Honeybees, Bumblebees and Olive Oil after Pesticidal Applications against the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insects, 11(12): 855. [
DOI:10.3390/insects11120855]
12. Forrest, J.R. and J.D. Thomson. 2011. An examination of synchrony between insect emergence and flowering in Rocky Mountain meadows. Ecological Monographs, 81(3): 469-91. [
DOI:10.1890/10-1885.1]
13. Rafferty, N.E. and A.R. Ives. 2011. Effects of experimental shifts in flowering phenology on plant-pollinator interactions. Ecology letters, 14(1): 69-74. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01557.x]
14. Vercelli, M., S. Novelli, P. Ferrazzi, G. Lentini, C.A. Ferracini. 2021. Qualitative analysis of beekeepers' perceptions and farm management adaptations to theimpact of climate change on honey bees. Insects, 12(3): 228. [
DOI:10.3390/insects12030228]
15. Pyke, G.H., J.D. Thomson, D.W. Inouye, T.J. Miller. 2016. Effects of climate change on phenologies and distributions of bumble bees and the plants they visit. Ecosphere, 7(3): e01267. [
DOI:10.1002/ecs2.1267]
16. Soroye, P., T. Newbold and J. Kerr. 2020. Climate change contributes to widespread declines among bumble bees across continents. Science, 367(6478): 685-688. [
DOI:10.1126/science.aax8591]
17. Shaemi, A. 2016. Survey of overwintering bioclimatic conditions of honey bee colonies in Isfahan province. Journal of Climate Research, 1395(25): 83-90.
18. Norooz Valashedi, R. and H. Bahrami Pichaghchi. 2019. Investigation of bioclimatology factors on prediction of honeybee performance in climate change conditions (Case Study: Shahindej). Research On Animal Production (Scientific and Research), 10(25): 120-8 (In Persian). [
DOI:10.29252/rap.10.25.120]
19. Le Conte, Y. and M. Navajas. 2008. Climate change: impact on honey bee populations and diseases. Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International des Epizooties, 27(2): 499-510. [
DOI:10.20506/rst.27.2.1819]
20. Willmer, P. 2014. Climate change: bees and orchids lose touch. Current Biology, 24(23): R1133-R5. [
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.061]
21. Golchin, M. and M. Jalali. 2013. Zoning Watershed for Artificial Recharge of Ground Water Using AHP and GIS Techniques. Geography and Planning, 17(45): 183-202.
22. Cressey, D. 2015. Climate change crushes bee populations. Nature News. [
DOI:10.1038/nature.2015.17950]
23. Bartomeus, I., J.S. Ascher, D. Wagner, B.N. Danforth, S. Colla, S. Kornbluth, et al. 2011. Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(51): 20645-9. [
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1115559108]
24. Rahimi, J., M. Ebrahimpour and A. Khalili. 2013. Spatial changes of extended De Martonne climatic zones affected by climate change in Iran. Theoretical and applied climatology, 112(3): 409-18. [
DOI:10.1007/s00704-012-0741-8]
25. Herrera, C.M. 2020. Gradual replacement of wild bees by honeybees in flowers of the Mediterranean Basin over the last 50 years. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 287(1921): 20192657. [
DOI:10.1098/rspb.2019.2657]
26. Moritz, R.F. and S. 2016. Erler. Lost colonies found in a data mine: global honey trade but not pests or pesticides as a major cause of regional honeybee colony declines. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 216: 44-50. [
DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.027]
27. Aizen, M.A. and L.D. Harder. 2009. Geographic variation in the growth of domesticated honey-bee stocks: Disease or economics? Communicative & integrative biology, 2(6): 464-6. [
DOI:10.4161/cib.2.6.9258]
28. Aizen, M.A. and L.D. Harder. 2009. The global stock of domesticated honey bees is growing slower than agricultural demand for pollination. Current biology, 19(11): 915-8. [
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.071]
29. Alexander, L.V., X. Zhang, T.C. Peterson, J. Caesar, B. Gleason, A. Klein Tank and et al. 2006. Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 111(D5). [
DOI:10.1029/2005JD006290]
30. Ansari Ghojghar, M., S. Araghinejad, J. Bazrafshan and A. Hoorfar. 2020. Trend analysis of dusty days frequency and its correlation with climatic variables (Case Study: Lorestan Province). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 50(9): 2289-301 (In Persian).
31. Zare Chahouki, M. 2010. Data analysis in natural resources research using SPSS software. Academic, Tehran (In Persian).
32. Norouzi, A., M. Pajouhesh, K. Abdollahi and A. 2020. Esmali Ouri. Estimating thesuspended sediment load and evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of water and sediment (Case Study: Kasilian watershed, Mazandaran). Iranian journal of Ecohydrology, 7(4): 1099-112 (In Persian).
33. Fallah Ghalhari, G., H. Ahmadi and M. Fakheri. 2016. Evaluate the climate calendar of beekeepers in West Azerbaijan province based on thermal conditions. Geographical Researches Quarterly Journal, 31(1): 13-30.
34. Powell, J. and S. 2016. Reinhard. Measuring the effects of extreme weather events on yields. Weather and Climate extremes, 12: 69-79. [
DOI:10.1016/j.wace.2016.02.003]
35. kouzegaran, S. 2018. Modeling of the Saffron yield based on meteorological extreme events (Case study: Birjand). Journal of Saffron Research, 5(2): 217-29.
36. Van der Velde, M., F.N.Tubiello, A. Vrieling and F. Bouraoui. 2012. Impacts of extreme weather on wheat and maize in France: evaluating regional crop simulations against observed data. Climatic change, 113(3): 751-65. [
DOI:10.1007/s10584-011-0368-2]