1- Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2- Novin Amol Specialized University of Technology
2- Novin Amol Specialized University of Technology
Abstract: (27 Views)
Introduction and purpose: since the water crisis in many countries of the world, including the countries located in the dry belt of the earth like Iran, is getting more complicated day by day and due to the increase in population growth and the urgent need for agricultural products and Livestock and the limitation of water and soil resources as the main basis of agricultural production, the issue of water shortage has seriously faced the country. The purpose of this research is the effect of Caspian Sea water replacement that we imagine on the performance of the herd. This positive effect will be accompanied by controlling and reducing the production cost, which will include the removal of water softening and purifying devices at the level of breeding farms, and considering that the country's poultry breeding industry is somewhat dependent on foreign currency, if If these costs are saved, the outflow of currency from the country will be reduced. According to the studies, sodium chloride dissolved in the water of the Caspian Sea can be used as a source to provide part of the bird's needs for minerals. This requires measuring total dissolved solids (TDS) in seawater and drinking water. Replacement of a part of the source of supply of electrolytes by the water consumed through the Caspian Sea, while stabilizing the electrolyte balance to improve the performance of broiler chickens, part of the water consumed by the tested chickens was supplied by the water of the Caspian Sea in order to enjoy the effects of Positively, the salt should be protected from a significant amount of expensive and rare fresh water in the country.
Materials and methods: this experiment with four experimental treatments including control treatments, a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water with TDS equal to 1000 ppm, a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water with TDS equal to 2000 ppm and a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water with TDS The equivalent of 3000 ppm was done in five repetitions with a total of 400 broilers of the Ross breed under the same conditions and the same diet in a completely randomized design. In this research, from the first day of rearing based on treatment, the amount of salt in the diet was the same in the treatments, but we changed the salt in the water sample obtained from the mixture of sea water and drinking water Since the limit of water hardness and ration requirements were set based on the NRC tables for broilers of Ras strain 308, the amount of seawater dilution used for broilers was also set in this range. In order to compare the production performance (feed consumption, weight gain and conversion factor), first, the feed consumption of each experimental unit was measured when the chickens were weighed. The percentage of the carcass that can be cooked was determined, and then the fat of the abdominal area, liver and heart was weighed and recorded as a percentage of the live weight.. To determine liver and kidney function, at the end of the breeding period and after blood collection from the bird, the blood sample was collected at 8°C and centrifuged in the laboratory for 15 minutes at 3000 rpm to determine the kidney function. Creatinine test was done by spectrophotometric method and to determine the level of liver function, liver enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic acid transaminase (GPT) were measured through spectrophotometer.
Findings: The results of this research showed that the amount of feed consumption between four water quality levels was statistically significant and treatment four had the highest effect on the amount of feed consumption. Feed consumption has a direct effect on body weight, so that with a decrease in feed consumption, body weight also decreased, and it has been shown that water consumption with TDS more than 1000 ppm caused a decrease in feed consumption. At the end of the period, it was treatment 2 that showed the highest weight gain, and in contrast, treatment 4 with TDS, 3000 ppm, a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water, had the lowest weight gain, but this value was statistically The face was not significant. Also, on average, different concentrations of dissolved solutes in drinking water with different TDS had no significant effect on the feed conversion factor. The data showed that the percentage of cookable carcass, heart, liver and abdominal cavity fat was not affected by different concentrations of TDS obtained from the mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water, and by adding sea water up to 75% to drinking water, there was no statistically significant difference. No significant difference was observed between different treatments, But the data obtained from the percentage of tibia bone ash showed that treatment four had the lowest amount of tibia bone ash and treatment three with TDS, 2000 ppm and adding 50% of Caspian sea water to drinking water, compared to the control treatment and other treatments. It had a higher percentage of tibia bone ash. The results of blood tests, liver enzymes and creatinine test showed that pH, potassium and liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic acid transaminase) were not statistically significant, but on the contrary With the increase in TDS of the consumed water due to the mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water, the amount of sodium, chlorine, glucose and creatinine increased, which was statistically significant, but the amount of uric acid decreased.
Conclusion: By examining the feed conversion rate as well as liver, kidney and carcass quality, it can be concluded that the use of a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water, with appropriate weighing of chickens and cost-effectiveness for the producer and Observing the health of the liver due to their insignificant statistical difference in the blood has no destructive effect and only the observation of its renal lesions can be mentioned.
Materials and methods: this experiment with four experimental treatments including control treatments, a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water with TDS equal to 1000 ppm, a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water with TDS equal to 2000 ppm and a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water with TDS The equivalent of 3000 ppm was done in five repetitions with a total of 400 broilers of the Ross breed under the same conditions and the same diet in a completely randomized design. In this research, from the first day of rearing based on treatment, the amount of salt in the diet was the same in the treatments, but we changed the salt in the water sample obtained from the mixture of sea water and drinking water Since the limit of water hardness and ration requirements were set based on the NRC tables for broilers of Ras strain 308, the amount of seawater dilution used for broilers was also set in this range. In order to compare the production performance (feed consumption, weight gain and conversion factor), first, the feed consumption of each experimental unit was measured when the chickens were weighed. The percentage of the carcass that can be cooked was determined, and then the fat of the abdominal area, liver and heart was weighed and recorded as a percentage of the live weight.. To determine liver and kidney function, at the end of the breeding period and after blood collection from the bird, the blood sample was collected at 8°C and centrifuged in the laboratory for 15 minutes at 3000 rpm to determine the kidney function. Creatinine test was done by spectrophotometric method and to determine the level of liver function, liver enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic acid transaminase (GPT) were measured through spectrophotometer.
Findings: The results of this research showed that the amount of feed consumption between four water quality levels was statistically significant and treatment four had the highest effect on the amount of feed consumption. Feed consumption has a direct effect on body weight, so that with a decrease in feed consumption, body weight also decreased, and it has been shown that water consumption with TDS more than 1000 ppm caused a decrease in feed consumption. At the end of the period, it was treatment 2 that showed the highest weight gain, and in contrast, treatment 4 with TDS, 3000 ppm, a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water, had the lowest weight gain, but this value was statistically The face was not significant. Also, on average, different concentrations of dissolved solutes in drinking water with different TDS had no significant effect on the feed conversion factor. The data showed that the percentage of cookable carcass, heart, liver and abdominal cavity fat was not affected by different concentrations of TDS obtained from the mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water, and by adding sea water up to 75% to drinking water, there was no statistically significant difference. No significant difference was observed between different treatments, But the data obtained from the percentage of tibia bone ash showed that treatment four had the lowest amount of tibia bone ash and treatment three with TDS, 2000 ppm and adding 50% of Caspian sea water to drinking water, compared to the control treatment and other treatments. It had a higher percentage of tibia bone ash. The results of blood tests, liver enzymes and creatinine test showed that pH, potassium and liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic acid transaminase) were not statistically significant, but on the contrary With the increase in TDS of the consumed water due to the mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water, the amount of sodium, chlorine, glucose and creatinine increased, which was statistically significant, but the amount of uric acid decreased.
Conclusion: By examining the feed conversion rate as well as liver, kidney and carcass quality, it can be concluded that the use of a mixture of Caspian sea water and drinking water, with appropriate weighing of chickens and cost-effectiveness for the producer and Observing the health of the liver due to their insignificant statistical difference in the blood has no destructive effect and only the observation of its renal lesions can be mentioned.
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