1. Abdelrazek, H.M.A., S.M.M. Abuzead, S.A. Ali, H.M.A. El-Genaidy and S.A. Abdel-Hafez. 2016. Effect of citric and acetic acid water acidification on broiler's performance with respect to thyroid hormones levels. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 4(5):271-278. [
DOI:10.14737/journal.aavs/2016/4.5.271.278]
2. Adil, S., T. Banday, G.A. Bhat, M.S. Mir and M. Rehman. 2010. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, intestinal histomorphology, and serum-biochemistry of broiler chicken. Veterinary Medicine International, 2010:1-7. [
DOI:10.4061/2010/479485]
3. Ali, A.M., H.M. El Agrab, M.M. Hamoud, A.M. Gamal, M.R. Mousa, S.A.E. Nasr, M.A.H. El Shater, S.E. Laban, O.K. Zahran and M.M. Ali. 2020. Effect of acidified drinking water by organic acids on broiler performance and gut health. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 8(12): 1301-1309. [
DOI:10.17582/journal.aavs/2020/8.12.1301.1309]
4. Al-Natour, M.Q. and K.M. Alshawabkeh. 2005. Using varying levels of formic acid to limit growth of Salmonella gallinarum in contaminated broiler feed. Asian-Austal Journal of Animal Science, 18:390-395. [
DOI:10.5713/ajas.2005.390]
5. Alp, M., N. Kocabagli, R. Kahraman and K. Bostan. 1999. Effects of dietary supplementation with organic acids and zinc bacitracin on ileal microflora, pH and performance in broilers. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 23(5): 451-456.
6. Boling, S.D.M., I.M. Webel, C.M. Parsons and D.H. Baker. 2000. Effect of citric acid on phytate phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pigs. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 78: 682-689. [
DOI:10.2527/2000.783682x]
7. Brenes, A., A. Viveros, I. Arija, C. Centeno, M. Pizarro and C. Bravo. 2003. The effect of citric acid and microbial phytase on mineral utilization in broiler chicks. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 110(1-4): 201-219. [
DOI:10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00207-4]
8. Chowdhury, R., K.M.S. Islam, M.J. Khan, M.R. Karim, M.N. Haque, M. Khatun and G.M. Pesti. 2009. Effect of citric acid, avilamycin, and their combination on the performance, tibia ash, and immune status of broilers. Poultry Science, 88(8): 1616-1622. [
DOI:10.3382/ps.2009-00119]
9. Deschepper, K., M. Lippens, G. Huyghebaert and K. Molly. 2003. The effect of aromabiotic and GALI D'OR on technical performances and intestinal morphology of broilers. In Proccedings of 14th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition August. Lillehammer, Norway, 169-175.
10. Dibner, J.J. and P. Buttin. 2002. Use of organic acids as a model to study the impact of gut microflora on nutrition and metabolism. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 11(4): 453-463. [
DOI:10.1093/japr/11.4.453]
11. Dizaji, B. R., A. Zakeri, A. Golbazfarsad, S. Faramarzy and O. Ranjbari. 2013. Influences of different growth promoters on intestinal morphology of broiler chickens, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(2): 32-37.
12. Ebrahimnezhad, Y., N. Maheri-Sis, A. Aghajanzadeh-Golshani, J.G. Galekandi, M. Sarikhan and A. Darvishi. 2012. Effects of combination of citric acid and microbial phytase on the serum concentration and digestibility of some minerals in broiler chicks. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 6(4): 189-195. [
DOI:10.3923/ajas.2012.189.195]
13. Fik, M., C. Hrnčár, D. Hejniš, E. Hanusová, H. Arpášov and J. Bujko. 2021. The effect of citric acid on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 54: 190-195.
14. Garcia, V., P. Catala'-Gregori, F. Hernandez, M.D. Megıas and J. Madrid. 2007. Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology and meat yield of broilers. Applied Poultry Research, 16(4): 555-562. [
DOI:10.3382/japr.2006-00116]
15. Ghazalah, A.A., A.M. Atta, K. Elkloub, M.E.L. Moustafa and F.H.S. Riry. 2011. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, nutrients digestibility and health of broiler chicks. International Journal of Poultry Science, 10(3):176-184. [
DOI:10.3923/ijps.2011.176.184]
16. Gornowicz, E. and K. Dziadek. 2002. The effects of acidifying preparations added to compound feeds on management conditions of broiler chickens. Annals of Animal Science, 1:93-96.
17. Hedayati, M., M. Manafi, M. Yari and P. Vafaei. 2013. Effects of supplementing diets with an acidifier on performance parameters and visceral organ weights of broilers. European Journal of Zoological Research, 2(6): 49-55.
18. Khosravinia, H., R. Nourmohammadi and N. Afzali. 2015. Productive performance, gut morphometry, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicken in response to low and high dietary levels of citric acid. Poultry Science Association, 24:470-480 [
DOI:10.3382/japr/pfv050]
19. Kirchgessner, M. and F. Roth. 1988. Ergotrope Effekte durch organische Sauren in der Ferkelaufzucht und Schweinemast. Ubersichten zur Tierernahrung, 16: 93-108.
20. Klaver, F. A. and R. Van der Meer. 1993. The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt-deconjugating activity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59(4): 1120-1124. [
DOI:10.1128/aem.59.4.1120-1124.1993]
21. Kopecký, J., C. Hrnčár and J. Weis. 2012. Effect of organic acids supplement on performance of broiler chickens. Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, 45(1): 51-54.
22. Langhout, P. 2000. New additives for broiler chickens. Feed Mix, 18: 24-27.
23. Liem, A., G.M. Pesti and Jr.H.M. Edwards. 2008. The effect of several organic acids on phytate phosphorus hydrolysis in broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 87(4): 689-693. [
DOI:10.3382/ps.2007-00256]
24. Nourmohammadi, R., S. Hosseini and M. Vakili. 2012. Effect of citric acid and microbial phytase on ileal digestibility and serum enzyme activity in blood of broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 1: 57-71. (In Persian). [
DOI:10.4081/2326]
25. Nourmohammadi, R., S.M. Hosseini and H. Farhangfar. 2011. Effect of citric acid and microbial phytase on serum enzyme activities and plasma minerals retention in broiler chicks. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(62): 13640-13650. [
DOI:10.5897/AJB11.1744]
26. Pelicano, E.R.L., P.A. Souza, H.B.A. Souza, D.F. Figueiredo, M.M. Boiago, S.R. Carvalho and V.F. Bordon. 2005. Intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 7(4): 221-229. [
DOI:10.1590/S1516-635X2005000400005]
27. Pucci, E., L. Chiovato and A. Pinchera. 2000. Thyroid and lipid metabolism. International Journal of Obesity, 24:109-112. [
DOI:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801292]
28. Saad, S., M.Al. Abbod and A. Abo Yones. 2014. Effects of some growth promoters on blood hematology and serum composition of broiler chickens. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 9: 265-270. [
DOI:10.3923/ijar.2014.265.270]
29. Safamehr, A.R., F. Chavooshi and A. Nobakht. 2017. The effects of Saturea and Thyme medicinal plants with or without enzyme on performance, blood parameters in broiler chickens. Research on Animal Production, 8(16): 70-78. [
DOI:10.29252/rap.8.16.70]
30. Šamudovská, A.H., M. Demeterova, M. Skalicka, L. Bujňák and P. Nad. 2018. Effect of water acidification on some morphological, digestive and production traits in broiler chickens. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 21(3). 269-278. [
DOI:10.15547/bjvm.1065]
31. SAS. 2001. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Cary, NC.
32. Shalaei, M. 2017. Effect of feed additives on small intestinal morphology, mineralization and strength of tibia bone of broilers and laying hens. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 12(4): 52-63 (In Persian).
33. Tahami, Z., S.M. Hosseini and M. Bashtani. 2014. Effect of organic acids supplementation on some gastrointestinal tract characteristics and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens. Animal Production Research, 3:1-10.
34. Thompson, J.L. and M. Hinton. 1997. Antibacterial activity of formic and propionic acids in the diet of hens on Salmonellas in the crop. British Poultry Science, 38(1): 59-65. [
DOI:10.1080/00071669708417941]
35. Viveros, A., A. Brenes, I. Arija and C. Centeno. 2002. Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus. Poultry Science, 81(8): 1172-1183. [
DOI:10.1093/ps/81.8.1172]
36. Waldroup, A., S. Kaniawati and A. Mauromoustakos. 1995. Performance characteristics and microbiological aspects of broilers fed diets supplemented with organic acids. Journal of Food Protection, 58(5): 482-489. [
DOI:10.4315/0362-028X-58.5.482]