fa اثر محدودیت کیفی خوراک و مدت زمان اعمال آن بر عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی خون و خصوصیات لاشه جوجه‌‌های گوشتی تغذیه طیور تغذیه طیور پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در تحقیق حاضر، کاهش غلظت مواد مغذی جیره و مدت زمان استفاده از آن بر عملکرد جوجه‌ گوشتی بررسی شد. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تعداد </span></span></strong>&nbsp;<strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">375 قطعه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">جوجه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">گوشتی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">یک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">روزه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">قالب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">5 تیمار، 5 تکرار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و 15 پرنده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در هر تکرار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از 1</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تا</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> 39 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">روزگی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شد. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در این مطالعه، منظور از جیره‌ مرسوم، جیره‌ای در سطح توصیه احتیاجات سویه جوجه گوشتی است و منظور از جیره رقیق، جیره‌ای است که از لحاظ انرژی و اسیدهای آمینه ضروری به میزان 7 درصد رقیق‌تر می‌باشد. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">جیره‌های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آزمایشی (به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ترتیب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">دوره</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آغازین،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رشد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پایانی)</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تیمارها</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عبارت بودند</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از: </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T1</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مرسوم،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مرسوم،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مرسوم (شاهد</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">(</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">؛ </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T2</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) رقیق،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رقیق،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رقیق؛ </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T3</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مرسوم،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رقیق،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مرسوم؛ </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T4</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رقیق،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رقیق،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مرسوم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T5 </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مرسوم،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مرسوم،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رقیق.</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در کل دوره (1 تا 39 روزگی)، خوراک مصرفی روزانه (0/05></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">p</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) و افزایش وزن روزانه (0/01></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">p</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">) تیمار شاهد بالاتر از سایر تیمارها بود و تفاوت ضریب تبدیل خوراک بین تیمارها معنی‌داری نبود. در دوره پایانی، تیمار شاهد تلفات بالاتری نسبت به </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T2</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T3</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> داشت (0/05></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">p</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)، هرچند در کل دوره، تفاوت‌ تیمارها معنی‌دار نبود. وزن سینه در </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T1</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T3</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> بالاتر از </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T2</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T4</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T5</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> بود (0/01></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">p</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">). </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T2</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T3</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> دارای خاکستر استخوان بالاتری نسبت به </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T1</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">T5</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> بودند (0/05></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;">p</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:2 Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">). در کل می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری نمود استفاده از جیره مرسوم در کل دوره اگرچه باعث افزایش تلفات در دوره پایانی و کاهش خاکستر استخوان شد، اما در مجموع، عملکرد رشد بهتری را به دنبال داشته است.</span></span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">In the present research, decrease of dietary nutrients concentration and duration of its using were investigated on performance of broiler chicken. A total of 375 one-day-old male broiler chickens were used in 5 treatments and 5 replicates per treatment of 15 birds per each from 1 to 39 d. In the present study, &ldquo;normal&rdquo; diet is referred to a diet based on recommended requirements of broiler chicken strain, and &ldquo;diluted&rdquo; diet is referred to a diet diluted 7% for energy and essential amino acids. Experimental diets (respectively, for starter, grower and finisher periods) in the treatments were: T1) normal, normal, normal (control); T2) diluted, diluted, diluted; T3) normal, diluted, normal; T4) diluted, diluted, normal; and T5) normal, normal, diluted. In the whole period (1 to 39 d of age), daily feed intake (p<0.05) and daily weight gain (p<0.01) of control were greater than other treatments. Feed conversion ratio did not show a significant difference among treatments. In the finisher period, mortality was greater in control than T2 and T3 (p<0.05); however, in the whole period, there was no significant difference among treatments. Breast weight was greater in control and T3 than T2, T4 and T5 (p<0.01). The T2 and T3 had the greater bone ash than control and T5 (p<0.05). In general, using the normal diet through the whole period showed the best growth performance, although this treatment revealed the increased mortality and decreased bone ash during finisher period.</div> جوجه‌ گوشتی, جیره رقیق, جیره مرسوم, عملکرد, محدودیت کیفی Broiler chicken, Diluted diet, Normal diet, Performance, Qualitative restriction 10 18 http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-564-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Fatemeh Khademnasi فاطمه خادم ناسی f.khademnasi@znu.ac.ir 100319475328460016497 100319475328460016497 No University of Zanjan گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران Hamid Reza Taheri حمیدرضا طاهری taherihr@gmail.com 100319475328460016498 100319475328460016498 Yes University of Zanjan گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران