Volume 8, Issue 15 (6-2017)
rap 2017, 8(15): 68-75 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
(2017). Effects of Different Levels of Garlic Powder in the Starter Diet on Performance of Holestin Dairy Calves. rap. 8(15), 68-75. doi:10.29252/rap.8.15.68
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-759-en.html
URL: http://rap.sanru.ac.ir/article-1-759-en.html
Abstract: (3768 Views)
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of garlic powder (GP) in the starter diet on performance, weight and age of weaning, some of blood metabolites, fecal score, structural growth and nutrients digestibility in new-born Holstein calves. Thirty male and femal dairy calves (40.9 ± 1.9 Kg of BW) were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design to the following three groups 1) basal diet without GP (control), 2) basal diet supplemented with 0.5% GP, and 3) basal diet supplemented with 1% GP for a period of 70 d. All calves recived colostrum until d 3 and then were offered 4 kg whole milk/d from d 4 to weaning. Results showed that dry matter intake (DMI) was higher in the calves fed rations containing 0.5 and 1% GP and the calves fed 0.5% GP had the highest gain, average daily gain (ADG) and weight of weaning (P< 0.02) than those fed other group. However, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not affected by the experimental diets. Furthermore, feeding GP was found to have effects on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. The calves fed with diets containing GP exhibited a higher digestibility of DM, OM, CP, ADF and NDF and also this calves were greater for heart girth and body barrel than the control groups (P< 0.01). It was concluded that supplementation of diet with 0.5% GP could be a proper choice to improving of DMI, performance, gain, digestibility of nutrients and reducing plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentration.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2017/06/17 | Revised: 2017/09/26 | Accepted: 2017/06/17 | Published: 2017/06/17
Received: 2017/06/17 | Revised: 2017/09/26 | Accepted: 2017/06/17 | Published: 2017/06/17
References
1. Amagase, H., B.L. Petesch, H. Matsuura, S. Kasuga and Y. Itakura. 2001. Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. Nutrition, 131: 955-962. [DOI:10.1093/jn/131.3.955S]
2. AOAC. 2002. Association of official analytical chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 17thed., Arlington, VA.
3. Bazyar, A., N.M. Torbatinejad, M. Ahaniazari, M. Mohajer and M. Amini. 2012. Effects of garlic powder on Performance and blood parameters in Dallagh fattening lambs. Research livestock and poultry, 1: 1-7 (In Persian).
4. Benchaar, C., S. Calsamiglia, A.V. Chaves, G.R. Fraser, D. Colombatto, T.A. McAllister and K.A. Beauchemin. 2008. A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Animal Feed Science and Technolgy, 145: 209-228. [DOI:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.014]
5. Borek, C. 2001. Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract. Journal of Nutrition, 131: 1010-1015. [DOI:10.1093/jn/131.3.1010S]
6. Busquet, M., S. Calsamiglia, A. Ferret, M.D. Carro and C. Kamel. 2005. Effectof garlic oil and four of its compounds on rumen microbial fermentation. Dairy Science, 88: 4393-4404. [DOI:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73126-X]
7. Calsamiglia, S., M. Busquet, P.W. Cardozo, L. Castillejos and A. Ferret. 2007. Invited review: Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. Dairy Science, 90: 2580-2595. [DOI:10.3168/jds.2006-644]
8. Cardozo, P.W., S. Calsamiglia, A. Ferret and C. Kamel. 2004. Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture. Animal Science, 82: 3230-3236. [DOI:10.2527/2004.82113230x]
9. Castells, L., A. Bach, A. Aris and M. Terré. 2013. Effects of forage provision to young calves on rumen fermentation and development of the gastrointestinal tract. Dairy Science, 96: 5226-5236. [DOI:10.3168/jds.2012-6419]
10. Chaves, A.V., K. Stanford, M.E.R. Dugan, L.L. Gibson, T.A. McAllister, F. Van Herk and C. Benchaar. 2008. Effects of cinnamaldehyde, garlic and juniper berry essential oils on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Livestock Science, 117: 215-224. [DOI:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.12.013]
11. Davis, C.L. and J.K. Drackley. 1998. Development, nutrition and management of the young calf. 1st ed. USA: Iowa sate university press..
12. Demir, E., S. Sarica, M.A. Ozcan and M. Suimez. 2003. The use of natural feed additives as alternatives for an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets. British Poultry Science, 44: 44-45. [DOI:10.1080/00071660301944]
13. Esmailie, H.R. 2009. The effects of monensin, garlic extract and garlic powder on performance and healty of new born calve before and after weaning. M.Sc. Thesis, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran (In Persian).
14. Fox, D.G., T.P. Tylutki, K.J. Czymmek, C.N. Rasmussen and V.M. Durbal. 2000. Development and application of the Cornell university nutrient management planning system. Proceedings of the Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, Rochester, pp: 167-179. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
15. Ghosh, S., R.K. Mehla, S.K. Sirohi and B. Roy. 2010. The effect of dietary garlic supplementation on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, faecal score, faecal coliform count and feeding cost in crossbred dairy calves. Tropical Animal Health Production, 42: 961-968. [DOI:10.1007/s11250-009-9514-5]
16. Ghosh, S., R.K. Mehla, S.K. Sirohi and S.K. Tomar. 2011. Performance of crossbred calves with dietary supplementation of garlic extract. Animal phisiology and Animal Nutrition, 95: 449-455. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01071.x]
17. Giannella, R.A. 1983. Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin: biochemical and physiological effects in the intestine. Proceedings in Food and Nutrition Science, 7: 147-153.
18. Josephine, A., K. Nithya, G. Amudha, C.K. Veena, S.P. Preetha and P. Varalakshmi. 2008. Role of sulphated polysaccharides from Sargassum wightii in cyclosporine A induced oxidative liver injury in rats. BMC Pharmacology, 8: 1-9. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2210-8-4]
19. Khan, M.A., D.M. Weary and M.A.G. von Keyserlingk. 2011. Hay intake improves performance and rumen development of calves fed higher quantities of milk. Dairy Science, 94: 3547-3553. [DOI:10.3168/jds.2010-3871]
20. Khan, M.A., H.J. Lee, W.S. Lee, H.S. Kim, S.B. Kim, K.S. Ki, S.J. Park, J.K. Ha and Y.J. Choi. 2007. Starch source evaluation in calf starter: I. Feed consumption, body weight gain, structural growth and blood metabolites in Holstein calves. Dairy Science, 90: 5259-5268. [DOI:10.3168/jds.2007-0338]
21. Klevenhusen, F., J.O. ZeitzaDuvalb, S.M. Kreuzera and C.R. Solivaa. 2011. Garlic oil and its principal component di-allyl disulfide fail to mitigate methane, but improve digestibility in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 166: 356-363. [DOI:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.071]
22. Kongmun, P., M. Wanapat, P. Pakdeeand and C. Navanukraw. 2010. Effect of coconut oil and garlic powder on in vitro fermentation using gas production technique. Livestock Science, 127: 38-44. [DOI:10.1016/j.livsci.2009.08.008]
23. Lesmeister, K.E. and A.J. Heinrichs. 2004. Effects of corn processing on growth characteristics, rumen development, and rumen parameters in neonatal dairy calves. Dairy Science, 87: 3439-3450. [DOI:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73479-7]
24. Lewis, M.R., S.P. Rose, A.M. Mackenzie and L.A. Tucker. 2003. Effects of dietary inclusion of plant extracts on the growth performance of male broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 44: 43-44. [DOI:10.1080/00071660301940]
25. Movahedi, B., A.D. Foroozandeh and P. Shakeri. 2016. Effects of different forage sources as a free-choice provision on the performance, nutrient digestibility, selected blood metabolites and structural growth of Holstein dairy calves. Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. doi:10.1111/jpn.12527. [DOI:10.1111/jpn.12527]
26. Nazari, B., F. Nilforoshzadeh, M. Gharipour, M. Nilforoshzadeh, M.R. Shirzadinejad and A. Bahonar. 2008. Effect of different levels of garlic powder on serum cholesterol and triglyceride in Aryan and Ross broilers. Journal of Quem University Medicine Science, 2: 1-7 (In Persian).
27. O'Gara, E.A., D.J. Hill and D.J. Maslin. 2000. Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder and their dially constituents against Helicobacter pylori. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66: 2269-2273. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000]
28. Patra, A.K., D.N. Kamra and N. Agarwal. 2010. Effects of extracts of spices on rumen methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feeds in vitro. Science Food Agriculture, 90: 511-520. [DOI:10.1002/jsfa.3849]
29. Qureshi, A.A., Z.Z. Din, N. Abuirmeileh, W.C. Burger, Y. Ahmad and C.E. Elson. 1983. Suppression of avian hepatic lipid metabolism by solvent extracts of garlic: impact on serum lipids. Nutrition, 113: 1746-1755. [DOI:10.1093/jn/113.9.1746]
30. SAS, 2003. SAS User's Guide Statistics. Version 9.1 Edition.SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
31. Shakeri, P., Z. Durmic, J. Vadhanabhuti and P.E. Vercoe. 2017. Products derived from olive leaves and fruits can alter in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97: 1367-1372. [DOI:10.1002/jsfa.7876]
32. Shiasi, H., A.D. Forozandeh and P. Shakeri. 2014. Effects of different levels and physical form of corn and wheat grains in the starter diet on performance of dairy calves. Research in Ruminants, 2: 69-85 (In Persian).
33. Taherinia, M.H., M. Chachi, T. Mohammadabadi M. Eslami and M. Sari. 2015. Effects of Garlic powder in dheep diet on Rumen digestibility, frmentibility and protozoa population. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 6: 324-332 (In Persian).
34. Thitaram, S.N., C.H. Chung, D.F. Day, A.J.S. HintonBailey and G.R. Siragusa. 2005. Isomalto oligosaccharide increases cecal bifidobacterium population in young broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 84: 998-1003. [DOI:10.1093/ps/84.7.998]
35. Valavi, M., H. Sarir, H. Farhangfar, A. Zarban, S.J. Hosseini-Vashan and H. Naeimipour Younosi. 2016. Evaluation the effect of garlic and cinnamon powder on performance, antioxidant system, blood parameters of broilers under heat stress conditions. Research on Animal Production, 7: 10-20 (In Persian). [DOI:10.29252/rap.7.14.20]
36. Van Keulen, J. and B.A. Young. 1977. Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Animal Science, 44: 282-287. [DOI:10.2527/jas1977.442282x]
37. Van Soest, P.J., J.B. Robertson and B.A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber non-starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597. [DOI:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2]
38. Wenk, C. 2003. Herbs and botanicals as feed additives in monogastric animals. Asian- Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 16: 282-289. [DOI:10.5713/ajas.2003.282]
39. Yang, W.Z., C. Benchaar, B.N. Ametaj, A.V. Chaves, M.L. He and T.A. Mc Allister. 2007. Effects of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cow. Dairy Science, 90: 5671-5681. [DOI:10.3168/jds.2007-0369]
40. Yazarin, I. 2013. Effects of oregano and garlic essencial oils on performance of calves and some parameters of faeces and blood. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 50: 299-310.
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
